Because these models are formal they also allow for prediction and calculation. Patterns that may not have been available in any of these people's work could be calculated from the formal representations he had created. New techniques and models were (and still are being) developed.
Since the models that constitute NLP™ describe how the human brain functions they are used in order to teach them. NLP™is not a diagnostic tool. It can only be applied and can therefore only be taught experientially.
Well trained Neuro-Linguistic Programmers™ will always teach by installation, not by teaching technique after technique. Techniques outdate themselves too quickly to base the field of NLP™ on a set of techniques. It is based upon the attitude, the models and the skills which allow for constant generation of new techniques which are more effective and work faster.
Although many providers make certain courses prerequisite to the attendance of other courses, Dr. Bandler has no such prerequisites for any of his seminars. Learning does not come in levels. Once the underlying pattern, by which something can be learned has been taught, the material becomes not only easily accessible but a logical extension. For example, once somebody has learned how to read it no longer matters whether a book is five pages or two-hundred pages long. Similarly, once someone has been taught the spelling strategy it does not matter whether the word is two or five letters long, you just have to look at the picture. Each seminar is based upon different sets of knowledge. Therefore, it is not necessary to do them in any specific order.
Each seminar that Dr. Bandler teaches is different. Once someone has attended one practitioner course it does not mean that the practitioner material has been learned and that person should therefore go to a different course. You have to remember that the names and certificates are only names and certificates not the material nor the knowledge!
Neuro-Linguistic Programming™ was specifically created in order to allow us to do magic by creating new ways of understanding how verbal and non-verbal communication affect the human brain. As such it presents us all with the opportunity to not only communicate better with others, but also learn how to gain more control over what we considered to be automatic functions of our own neurology.
The word
Neuro linguistic programming can be broken down to three distinct words:
neuro
linguistic
and
programming.
Neuro refers
to the brain and neural network that feeds into the brain. Neurons or nerve
cells are the working units used by the nervous system to send, receive, and
store signals that add up to information.
Linguistics
refer to the content, both verbal and non-verbal, that moves across and through
these pathways.
Programming
is the way the content or signal is manipulated to convert it into useful
information. The brain may direct the signal, sequence it, change it based on
our prior experience, or connect it to some other experience we have stored in
our brain to convert it into thinking patterns and behaviors that are the
essence of our experience of life.
Our
experiences and feelings affect the way we react to external stimuli. Let me illustrate.
I am afraid of snakes. The impulse I get if I see a snake or even hear a sound
close to resembling that of a snake is a feeling of total fright. This is
because, I was born in an area infested with several deadly snakes. One day a
boy from my neighborhood came to our house. He knocked on the door. I opened
the door. He had a snake in his hand. He wanted to show me the prize catch he
had. He was holding it like we hold a pet cat. For him it was a pet. So, it
gave him lot of joy to hold one. To me, it gave a migraine headache!
Both myself
and my neighbor boy saw the same thing. The same signal was passed to our
brain. It was the picture of a snake. However, our brains interpreted the
implications of the snake entirely differently. In processing the information,
our brains used our experiences (good and bad), our biases, our opinions, our
value systems, etc. to convert it into useful information that we can use.
Neuro
linguistic programming (NLP for short) was developed in the early 1970s
by an information scientist and a linguist at the University of California at
Santa Cruz. They had observed that people with similar education, training,
background, and years of experience were achieving widely varying results
ranging from wonderful to mediocre. They wanted to know the secrets of
effective people. What makes them perform and accomplish things. They were
especially interested in the possibility of being able to duplicate the
behavior, and therefore the competence, of these highly effective individuals.
It was the golden era of modeling and simulation. They decided to model human
excellence. They looked at factors such as education, business and therapy.
They have then zeroed in on the communication aspect. They started studying how
the successful people communicated (verbal language, body language, eye
movements, and others). By modeling their behavior, John Grinder and Richard
Bandler were able to make out patterns of thinking that assisted in the
subject's success. The two theorized that the brain can learn the healthy
patterns and behaviors and that this would bring about positive physical and
emotional effects. What emerged from their work came to be known as
Neuro-Linguistic Programming.
The basic
premise of NLP is that the words we use reflect an inner, subconscious
perception of our problems. If these words and perceptions are inaccurate, they
will create an underlying problem as long as we continue to use and to think
them. Our attitudes are, in a sense, a self-fulfilling prophecy.
The neuro linguistic
therapist will analyze every word and phrase you use in describing your
symptoms or concerns about your health. He or she will examine your
facial expressions and body movements. After determining problems in your
perception, the therapist will help you understand the root cause. The
therapist will help you remodel your thoughts and mental associations in order
to fix your preconceived notions. These preconceived notions may be keeping you
from achieving the success you deserve.
NLP will
help you get out of these unhealthy traits and replace them with positive
thoughts, and patterns that promote wellness.
NLP uses self
image and attitude towards illness to effect change and to promote healing.
Hope is our greatest asset. It is one of the main reason why placebos (sugar
pills used in clinical studies) work. We also know how effective prayer can be
when it is combined with faith and hope. When a person loses hope and feels
helpless in the face of a chronic disease such as AIDS or cancer, it is very
easy to lose the hope; the body may just "quit trying." If the
patient is made aware of his or her unique abilities and possibilities, he or
she may see things differently. Now, the body's natural healing power can be
harnessed to do the job.
NLP is based
on several useful presuppositions.
NLP places great emphasis on concepts that work as opposed to concepts that should
work. NLP therapists will tell you that if what you're doing isn't working, you
should try something else that will work for you. Every person is different.
Flexibility is the key element in a given system. The person who is most likely
to do well responds to changing (or unchanging) circumstances appropriately.
This is one reason why NLP has made so much progress. NLP is much more
interested in getting results.
Other tools
that are available to NLP therapists are meta model, sensory acuity, Milton
model, system representation and submodalities.
NLP makes a
number of presuppositions. Presuppositions or assumptions are the beliefs a
person will find useful in effecting changes to themselves and/or to the world.
(Some people call these as the "givens".)
Examples of
presuppositions:
- Communication is more than what you are saying.
- No one is wrong or broken. People work perfectly to accomplish what they are currently accomplishing.
- People already have all the resources they need.
- Behind every behavior is a positive intention.
- Every behavior is useful in some context.
- The meaning of a communication is the response you get.
- If you aren't getting the response you want, try something different.
- There is no such thing as failure. There is only feedback.
- Having choice is better than having no choice at all.
- In any system, the element with the most flexibility exerts the most influence.
- The map is not the territory.
- If someone can do something, anyone can learn it.
- You cannot fail to communicate.
Representational
system in NLP consist of our five senses. These are:
- Visual (images)
- Auditory (sounds)
- Kinesthetic (touch and internal feelings)
- Gustatory (tastes)
- Olfactory (smells)
Every one of
us uses one or a combination of these senses to perceive the world. The brain
gets the "picture" of what we are talking about from one or from a
combination of these senses and from these senses alone. For example, we see a
dead dog on the road. The eyes senses the visual image and send it to the
brain. The nose will sense the smell and send it to the brain. For example, if
the smell is rotten, the brain may infer from what it had received so far (a
picture of a dog lying still that is giving out foul smell) that the dog had
been dead for some time. If the dog is crying, the ears will send this
information to the brain. In addition, we might touch the dog. We probably
won't taste the dog. So, these are the "inputs" to the brain.
The
qualities and attributes of the representations you make using your five senses
are called modalities. Let me illustrate. Think about a dog. This evokes
different reactions in people depending on what we perceive. One person may
visualize a cute, poodle. Another person may think of a vicious bull dog
chasing after him. What is the color of the dog? Our imagery and the reaction
to it can change depending on whether we see it "in vibrant colors"
or "black and white". Make the colors more vibrant. What is the
reaction you get as a result? Now move the picture further out and see how it
"changes."
One of the
great advantages of using a spreadsheet such as Excel is that once we make a
model in it, we can change it by asking "what-if" questions. We
examine various scenarios till we are satisfied that the model is satisfactory
for our purpose. A similar thing is happening in our mind or brain with the
information that is "input" by the sensory system. The information
can be represented in different ways based on our feelings, prejudices and
value systems. These values are unique to each of us. It is part of our
"internal" system. These are our submodalities.
The great
power of this concept is that once we recognize how our submodalities may mask
our perception, we can make changes to our subsystem to effect the change or to
"correct" the situation..
Meta model
in NLP is a set of questions designed to find the explicit meaning in a
person's communication. It is important that the therapist makes no assumptions
regarding the communication. The therapist may ask probing questions to find
out what is in the mind of the person being treated.
Example:
Subject: I am so tired.
Analyst: What makes you tired?
Subject: He is always taunting me
and making fun of me.
Analyst: Who is making fun of you?
Subject: Bob.
Analyst: Bob who?
Subject: Bob Sullivan, my neighbor.
Analyst: Why is Bob making fun of
you?
Subject: He is such a tease!
An untrained
person would have made the assumption that the person was physically tired. By
asking probing questions, the analyst learned what the subject is really
saying. The therapist will use the sound, the way the subject is talking,
the pitch of the voice etc. to understand the communication.
We can take
one look at a person and can infer a great deal about what they are thinking or
what their thought process is at that time. For example, we will know when a
person is happy or unhappy. We will know when a person is depressed. We know
when to avoid our bosses - it may be his or her "bad day." Of course,
some people are good at hiding their true feelings. We call it a "poker
face."
In general,
a person's thought process is very closely tied to his/her physiology. A dog
can sense when you are afraid. How did he know? We pick up clues from the body
language of the person we are communicating to: slumped shoulders, downcast
eyes, drooping head, lack of animation etc. Sensory acuity takes these
observations beyond the more obviously recognizable clues and uses the physical
feedback in addition to someone's words to gain as much from the communication
as possible.
Milton model
refers to a set of linguistic patterns derived by Milton Erickson, the father
of modem hypnotherapy. These language patterns are used to help guide someone
without interfering with their experience. For example, "Think of the time
you saw the dog." The suggestions are made purposely vague so that the
subject will have ample opportunities to shape it in his or her mind. For
example, the therapist did not suggest what kind of dog it was, what was its
color etc. It is up to you to fill in those blanks. This way, you can personalize
it the way it makes most sense to you. Thus, this suggestion is very general
and can be used for everyone. The Milton-model helps the therapist to maintain
rapport with the patient. It is often used in hypnotic or trance state
sessions.
By using
these models, (many of them modeled from the behavior and actions of successful
people) NLP enables us to recognize how we and others create our own unique
maps of reality. It enables us to understand our own and others' processes of
decision making, communication, motivation and learning.
Once we
understand our own map of reality, we can make changes to it in order to obtain
the life experiences we want. NLP provides us "maps" used by other
people. We learn how others have responded to a particular situation we are
facing. We see the differences in the approaches and in the outcomes. Based on
it, we may voluntarily make changes to our own behavior. We step out of our own
map and step into the other's. When this happens, the rewards are many. We
experience a deep connection to the successful person. And our life will never
be the same again.
NLP
increases the depth and effectiveness of our relationships, beginning with our
self and extending through personal and intimate relationships to our
professional and work lives, and finally, to the therapeutic arena or working
with others to bring about healing, change and growth. NLP provides the tools
that enable this rich connection with self and others to happen.
Many of
NLP's tools and applications are widely used in business, management,
education, training and therapy. Many of us may have encountered and applied
these principles in our life, without even realizing that it came from NLP.
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